Most industries in the world treat their wastewaters with a conventional coagulation-flocculation process using alum as coagulant, polyacrylamide (PAM) as flocculant and lime as coagulant aid. To reduce the use of chemical products in the process, experiments were conducted to substitute the PAM wit …
Several analytical techniques existed employed to characterization and demonstrate the productive synthesize of PADD, characteristics and composition of the …
Self-assembly is able to control molecular structure of flocculants and improves their flocculation efficiency. In this study, template polymerization and ultrasonic initiation system attributed to the self-assembly of anionic polyacrylamide (TPAS-U) with a microblock structure using acrylamide (AM) and sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SSS) as …
The paper discusses the efficacy of Jaguar M50, Guarfloc 64, Superfloc N100, Separan NP10 and Floerger 912H flocculant additives in preventing contamination of Cu electrowinning cathodes by ...
This review summarizes the literature which gives information and scientific data on the fate of PAM-based flocculants in hydrosystems. PAM and associated AMD …
However, as for the synthetic organic polymer flocculants such as polyacrylamide (PAM) and its derivatives, residual unreacted monomers including acrylamide ... During an actual flocculation process using polymeric flocculants, the particles suspended in the wastewater are first destabilized by charge neutralization, via …
ferric sulfate (PFPS) was a good flocculant. In the process of treatment, pH was adjusted to neutral by buffer solution, PFPS was subsequently added, and PAM was then added and stirred for a few time to obtain high nickel removal rate[14]. 3.1.7. Lead-zinc mine wastewater. High alkali flotation was used in lead-zinc ore beneficiation and flotation.
In the CF process, the stable dispersed particles are transformed to unstable and insoluble agglomerates, which are denser than water and then settle easily. The process of CF involves series of chemical and mechanical operations that entails the addition and mixing of coagulant with the water matrix.
Flocculant sample of PAMC4 was selected as representative cationic polyacrylamide for kinetic research in this work. Predetermined amount of flocculant was added into kaolin suspension, followed by rapid stirring at 200 rpm for different times and no stirring for 20 min for settling. The supernatant of these different samples was collected …
The particular importance for the practice of zinc electrolysis is the knowledge of the reasons that affect the performance of this process. Previously published data indicate about the negative ...
For practical implementation of electrolysis of zinc solutions, it is important to determine the factors affecting the parameters of this process [1].The earlier published data have demonstrated ...
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2024.134072 Corpus ID: 269378315; Evaluation an anionic polyacrylamide flocculant with microblock structure in the hematite wastewater treatment: Characterization and flocculation performance
Polymer flocculants are used to promote solid–liquid separation processes in potable water and wastewater treatment. Recently, bio-based flocculants have …
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The distribution of all measured elements based on total weight percentages of PSAM flocculant and flocs were also evaluated through EDS analysis (Fig. 2).O, Al, Mg, Si and S were found to be the most important elements in the PSAM flocculant (Fig. 2 (a)).For the S elements, the addition of Al 2 (SO 4) 3 ·18H 2 O and MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O …
Application and technical method of PAM in wastewater treatment process. Chemical precipitation. Zinc is a kind of amphoteric element, its hydroxide is insoluble in water, and has weak alkalinity and weak acidity, so its chemical formula can be written as: basic :Zn(OH)2, acid :H2ZnO2.
This manuscript illustrates the feasibility of polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum/silica based nanocomposite toward its potential application as high performance flocculant for treatment of synthetic effluents and mine wastewater. The flocculation performance of the nanocomposite was systematically evaluated by floc size …
Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is a commonly used flocculant for water treatment. Factors that affect the flocculation effect and can be controlled manually include the type and dosage of CPAM, …
In recent years, the development of nanoparticle materials for water treatment has received great attention. From an industrial technological view point, the application of nanomaterials in the twenty-first century for water treatment will be the focal point of advanced materials design, processing and progress. In this context, the …
Emulsion flocculants 0.20 – 1.00% product Inject all-at-once into rapidly-stirred water vortex Continue to mix 15 min. Powder flocculants 0.10 – 0.50% product Pour slowly into rapidly-stirred water vortex Continue to mix until the solution is homogeneous Allow 15 min. for polymer to "relax" Shelf-life Anionic makedowns: stable for 1 week
SiO2 particles of different particle sizes were prepared by sol–gel method using ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw material. Nano-silica/cationic polyacrylamide (S-CPAM) prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization of modified silica (C-SiO2) as a hydrophobic component with acrylamide (AM), dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride …
Excessive accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) is one of the major factors destabilizing methanogenic digestion of organic wastes in anaerobic bioreactors. Existing methods of stabilization of this process are mostly expensive and labor-intensive, often requiring removal of a considerable portion of acidified biomass from the …
The performance of the flocculation process is affected by flocculant and slurry properties as well as hydrodynamics conditions ... of copper tailings was carried out using the novel UMA Magnafloc 5250 (anionic) and traditional polymers based on polyacrylamide (anionic Magnofloc 155 and 336, nonionic 351, and cationic SPP 355) …
Flocculants PAMC with various cationic monomer contents were synthesized through low-pressure UV initiation.. Chemical and morphology structures of PAMC were characterized and analyzed. • Flocculation performance and kinetics were investigated in highly turbid water clarification.. Most effective flocculation occurred at pH …
Dewatered polyacrylamide emulsions differs from standard by the fact that they contain less than 6% water, with the result that the hydrogel has ... best process is to transfer the emulsion to be filtered by gravity in a free-flow mode to another similar empty container. For filtration of large quantities (e.g. transfer ...
Polyacrylamide is a representative of nonionic polymer flocculants. Polyacrylamide can be easily synthesized as a high molecular weight polymer and has amide groups featuring hydrogen bonding which can effectively adsorb small particles in wastewater. Molecular weight is between several million and ten and several million.
Following the line of polyacrylamide flocculants, the high molecular weight and high load density (2–4 meq g − 1) of polyacrylamide at low doses (2–5 mgL − 1) was very effective in the recovery of S. obliquus, Scenedesmus subspicatus, Synechococcus nidulans, and Chlorella sorokiniana (REs of 95%) (Mikulec et al., 2015).
Synthetic polymers used as flocculants in the Bayer process are derived from acrylamide and/or acrylate monomers. Other noteworthy flocculants have been invented over the years; however the most widely used by the alumina industry have been the aforementioned. The basic structure for polyacrylamide and polyacrylate are shown in …
Polyacrylamide (PAM) is the basis for most commercial polymeric flocculants mentioned in the literature (anionic, cationic, or non-ionic); this polymer is also …
While polyacrylamide flocculants are commonly used to improve the settling rate, their application in filtration circuits has some specific functions. ... 1996), an interesting alternative is the use of polyethylene flocculant (PEO). In the developed process of coal-clay waste flocculation with PEO, addition of calcium or magnesium salts (for ...
In this study, we aim to investigate the effectiveness of three newly developed water-soluble reverse demulsifiers and three cationic polyacrylamide flocculants and their combinations on removing oil and turbidity of the oily produced water from SAGD operation; discuss the adaptability of the studied chemicals for treating oily produced water ...
With the growing demand for clean and safe water, there is a pressing need to explore novel materials for water treatment applications. In this regard, bio-based polymeric materials have emerged as a promising solution for water purification. This article highlights the numerous advantages offered by bio-based polymeric materials, including …
The flocculation process is strongly influenced by the solution properties of the polymer molecules. Flocculant adsorption and the bridging process depend not only upon the functional interactions with the surface, but also the solution dimensions of the polymer chain. ... The dissolution of the powdered polyacrylamide flocculant was …
The present paper reviews the latest important information about the base materials of biopolymer-based flocculants, including chitosan, starch, cellulose, and …