Manufacturing ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) explosives is a relatively simple process, which involves combining the correct proportions of explosively reactive substances. The components of ANFO are usually mixed close to the point of operation for safety reasons. The final product, once mixed, is relatively safe and easy to handle.
Aside from that, ammonium nitrate is also the main component of an explosive called ANFO which stands for Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil. It is an explosive mixture which is used widely in mining. ANFO is composed of 94 percent ammonium nitrate and 6 percent fuel oil. The ammonium nitrate will serve as the oxidizing agent for the fuel.
You blend two to five percent common kerosene, fuel oil, or diesel fuel with 95 to 98 percent ammonium nitrate, mixing it well.
TOXIC FUMES FROM EXPLOSIVES: AMMONIUM NITRATE·FUEL OIL MI XTURES by. R. F. Chaiken, 1. E. B. Cook, 2. and T. C. Ruhe. 3. ABSTRACT The Bureau of Mines has carried out experimental and theoretical studies with prilled and pulverized ammonium nitrate-fueloil (AN-FO) mixtures contain ing varying amounts of fuel oil in an attempt to …
The ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture involved in the Kansas City explosion that killed six firefighters was on fire and, as a result, produced a detonation that might have been caused by the ...
If the fire is in the hot zone or impinging on any closed containers that contain ammonium nitrate or fuel oil, immediately begin removing all personnel from the hot zone. Aggressively expand the ...
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) is preferred mining explosives in worldwide. It is composed of ammonium nitrate (94-96%) and liquid hydrocarbon as fuel oil (4-6%), which is detonated through an...
Editor's Note (8/4/21): On August 4, 2020, the Lebanese capital Beirut experienced a massive explosion caused by more than 2,700 tonnes of ammonium nitrate improperly stored near the city's ...
Ammonium-nitrate—fuel oil mixture (ANFO). A blasting explosive containing no essential ingredients other than prilled ammonium nitrate and fuel oil. Ammunition. Generic term related mainly to articles of military application consisting of all types of bombs, grenades, rockets, mines, projectiles and other similar devices or contrivances.
Ammonium nitrate/nitromethane (ANNM) mixture and its individual constituents, as well as ammonium nitrate/No. 2 diesel fuel oil (ANDF) were also investigated under a variety of operating conditions (i.e., fuel aging) and preparation protocols [20, 25]. This investigation further expands the analysis of ANF to identifying …
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) Any carbonaceous material mixed with ammonium nitrate (AN) may produce a possible explosive mixture. In fact AN, as a pure material is not classified as an explosive for transportation and storage unless it contains > 0.4% carbonaceous material. However, there have been multiple incidences of pure AN being ...
Ammonium nitrate, by itself, is not considered to be a donor when applying this table. ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO) or combinations thereof are acceptors. If stores of AN are located within the sympathetic detonation distance of explosives or blasting agents, one-half the mass of the AN is to be included in the …
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) is preferred mining explosives in worldwide. It is composed of ammonium nitrate (94-96%) and liquid hydrocarbon as fuel oil (4-6%), which is detonated through an ...
125- Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil 4/5 Irritation: Irritating to eyes. May cause irritation of respiratory tract. May cause skin irritation in susceptible persons. Reproductive effects: No information is available and no adverse reproductive effects are anticipated. Developmental effects: No information is available and no adverse developmental effects are anticipated.
Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO) is one of the most widely used explosives for civilian purposes. Its main advantages are its low price and simple method of …
Ammonium nitrate (AN) is a widely used chemical compound with several important applications. As a fertilizer, it helps feed billions. It is also the main component in many types of mining explosives, where it is mixed with …
Nitrogen compounds (ammonia, nitrate and nitrite) are often released on mine sites during the detonation of nitrogen-based explosives, including Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) which is commonly used for blasting at mine sites in British Columbia and around the world. In order to protect the receiving environment from impacts related to
Other articles where ANFO is discussed: explosive: Ammonium nitrate–fuel oil mixtures: In 1955 it was discovered that mixtures of ammonium nitrate and fine coal dust would give very satisfactory blasting results in the large (about 22.5-centimetre, 9-inch) holes used in open-pit coal mines to remove the rock and soil covering the coal.…
Ammonium nitrate SAFETY DATA SHEET Page 1 / 8 Creation Date 05-Oct-2010 Revision Date 22-Dec ... May ignite combustibles (wood paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Thermal decomposition can lead to release of irritating gases and vapors. Keep product and empty container away from heat and ... (solid,gas) No information available Explosion …
To use as an explosive or a blasting reagent, $ce{NH4NO3}$ is mixed with fuel oil, which is called ammonium nitrate fuel-oil (ANFO; Ref.1). According to Ref.2, …
the detonation pressure of a bulk ammonium nitrate/ fuel oil (anfoo) composition is increased substantially independently of its detonation velocity by the addition of iron oxide, calcium carbonate, and/or calcium sulfate as a densifying agent to produce a mixture containing about 8-30% densifying agent. a detonating composition containing a blend …
XML Full Document: Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil Order [2 KB] | PDF Full Document: Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil Order [95 KB] Regulations are current to and last amended on . Previous Versions. Enabling Act: EXPLOSIVES ACT. Notes : See coming into force provision and notes, where applicable.
Oklahoma City bombing, terrorist attack in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S., on April 19, 1995, in which a massive homemade bomb composed of more than two tonnes of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and fuel oil concealed in a rental truck exploded, heavily damaging the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. A total of 168 people were killed, …
Contain run-off water used in fire suppression or exposure activities. Ammonium nitrate is a marine pollutant. If the fire is in the hot zone or impinging on any closed containers that …
Substance information for NA 0331 - Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture containing only prilled ammonium nitrate and fuel oil based on the Hazardous Materials Table (Title 49 CFR 172.101) to assist in preparing a risk assessment for loading, transporting and storing hazardous materials.
On April 19, 1995, at 9:02 a.m. a forty-eight-hundred-pound ammonium nitrate–fuel oil bomb exploded in a Ryder truck parked at the north entrance of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, killing 168 people and injuring approximately 850. The governor's office reported that thirty children were orphaned, 219 children ...
Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is a mixture of solid ammonium nitrate and mineral oil. Easy handling allows it to be used safely in mining, stone quarrying, and tunnel construction. The basic reaction during detonation is the Decomposition reaction A decomposition reaction is a thermally induced reaction of a chemical compound forming …
• AMMONIUM NITRATE 5.1 UN1942 III or • AMMONIUM NITRATE Fertilizer 5.1 UN2067 III AMMONIUM NITRATE Industrial Grade Properties SDS #1020 ... and is intentionally made very porous to allow for the rapid uptake of liquid fuel oil. The prill is coated with a trace amount of waxy anti-caking material to enhance
ANFO /ammonium nitrate fuel oil/ consists of 94% ammonium nitrate prills coated with an anti-caking agent and 6% absorbed fuel oil. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. …
Ammonium nitrate can refer to a range of ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers (with UN number 2067). The physico-chemical properties may vary according to the chemical composition. This ICSC covers pure ammomium nitrate - the properties of fertilizers will be different. Will turn shock-sensitive if contaminated with organic materials.
Ammonium nitrate–fuel oil (ANFO) is one of the most widely used explosives for civilian purposes. Its main advantages are its low price and simple method of production. The main disadvantages of this …
Ammonium nitrate–fuel oil (ANFO) explosives are inexpensive and readily produced, but are highly prone to misfires, with the remaining explosive being a significant risk and environmental contaminant. In this work, studies on various additives, such as selected perchlorates and inorganic peroxides, which are intended to lower the ...
Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture is commercially available as pale white, gray, yellow, or pink oil-covered prills with a petroleum odor. Non-commercially produced forms may be darker in color. It is used for blasting rock and in some types of mining. It will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. The ammonium nitrate is soluble in ...
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) Any carbonaceous material mixed with ammonium nitrate (AN) will produce a possible explosive mixture. In fact AN, as a pure material is not classified as an explosive for transportation and storage unless it contains >0.4% carbonaceous material. However, there have been many apparent incidences of pure …
On 4 August 2020, an estimated 2.75 kt of ammonium nitrate exploded in the Port of Beirut, Lebanon. Rigby et al. (Shock Waves 30:671–675, 2020) used observations from numerous video recordings of the explosion to estimate the time-of-arrival of the primary shock at 38 positions, the distances of which from the centre of the …
(4) For a material shipped under the description of "ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture (ANFO)", the only test required for classification purposes is the Cap Sensitivity Test—Test Method 5(a) prescribed in the Explosive Test Manual (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria) (IBR, see § 171.7 of the subchapter).
Mixed with fuel oil it's known as ANFO (ammonium nitrate/fuel oil), which accounts for approximately 80% of the 2.7 billion …